一、 鹽霧(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi) 腐(fu)蝕(shi)是(shi)材料或其(qi)性能在(zai)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)或變質。大多(duo)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)發生(sheng)在(zai)大氣環境(jing)中(zhong)，大氣中(zhong)含有(you)氧氣、濕(shi)度(du)、溫度(du)變化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)污染物(wu)(wu)(wu)等腐(fu)蝕(shi)成分和(he)(he)(he)腐(fu)蝕(shi)因素。鹽霧(wu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)就是(shi)一種(zhong)常見(jian)和(he)(he)(he)最有(you)破壞(huai)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大氣腐(fu)蝕(shi)。這里(li)講(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽霧(wu)是(shi)指(zhi)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大氣，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要腐(fu)蝕(shi)成分是(shi)海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)鹽——氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)鈉，它主要來源于海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)內地鹽堿地區(qu)。鹽霧(wu)對(dui)金(jin)屬(shu)材料表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)是(shi)由(you)于含有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)離(li)子(zi)穿透金(jin)屬(shu)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)和(he)(he)(he)防護層(ceng)與內部金(jin)屬(shu)發生(sheng)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。同時(shi)，氯(lv)離(li)子(zi)含有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水合能，易被吸附在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔隙、裂縫排擠(ji)并取(qu)代氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧，把不溶性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)變成可(ke)溶性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，使鈍化(hua)(hua)態表面(mian)(mian)變成活潑表面(mian)(mian)。造(zao)成對(dui)產品極壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不良反(fan)應。

　　二、 鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及與(yu)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系 鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是一(yi)種(zhong)主要利(li)用(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設(she)備所創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)來(lai)考核產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或金屬材(cai)料耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。它分為二大(da)類(lei)，一(yi)類(lei)為天(tian)(tian)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)暴(bao)露試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，另一(yi)類(lei)為人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)加速模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)具有(you)一(yi)定容積(ji)空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設(she)備——鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱，在(zai)(zai)其容積(ji)空間(jian)內用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，造成鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)來(lai)對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)能(neng)質量(liang)進行(xing)考核。它與(yu)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)比，其鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氯化物的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)濃度(du)，可(ke)以是一(yi)般天(tian)(tian)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)含量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾倍(bei)或幾十(shi)倍(bei)，使腐(fu)蝕速度(du)大(da)大(da)提高，對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)進行(xing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，得出(chu)結(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)也(ye)大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短。如在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)暴(bao)露環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)下對某產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)樣品(pin)(pin)進行(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，待其腐(fu)蝕可(ke)能(neng)要1年，而在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)下試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，只要24小時(shi)，即可(ke)得到相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)。 人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)又包括中性(xing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、醋酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、銅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)加速醋酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、交變鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。

　　競(jing)道(dao)鹽霧腐蝕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)乃針(zhen)對各(ge)種材質(zhi)之表面處理(li)(li)，包含(han)五(wu)金電鍍(du)，五(wu)金，電子零部件(jian)，化工涂料(liao)，烤漆，汽車(che)，摩托車(che)，五(wu)金潔具，螺絲，彈簧，磁性(xing)材料(liao)，有機及無機皮膜，陽極處理(li)(li)，防銹油等行業(ye)的(de)質(zhi)量檢測(ce)(ce)，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)其制品之耐蝕性(xing)。

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